ND
North Dakota
FIPS 38 · Population 784,841
6 Sources
Updated June 22, 2026
784,841 ▲
Population
334,922,499 U.S.
$76,657 ▲
Median Income
$80,734 national
$80.1B
GDP
2.4%
Unemployment
4% national
County Map
Click a county to view its economic profile
Demographics & Population
Census Bureau American Community Survey 2024 · 5-Year Estimates
Household Income
Source: U.S. Census Bureau · American Community Survey 2024 5-Year Estimates
Median Household
$76,657
Per Capita
$43,389
Mean Household
$101,793
Poverty Rate
10.8% ▲
Age & Race / Ethnicity
Source: Census Bureau ACS 2024 · Tables B01001, B02001, B03003
Cohorts
Under 18 · 23.5%
18-34 · 25.3%
35-54 · 23.2%
55-64 · 11.4%
65+ · 16.5%
Race & Ethnicity
Hispanic or Latino is an ethnic category and overlaps with the race categories above.
Educational Attainment
Source: Census Bureau ACS 2024 · Table B15003 · Population 25+
94%
High School+
National: 89.6%
▲ +4.4 pts
32.7%
Bachelor's+
National: 35.7%
▼ 3.0 pts
9.7%
Graduate+
National: 14.1%
▼ 4.4 pts
Employment Overview
Source: U.S. Census Bureau · American Community Survey 2024 5-Year Estimates
784,841
Population
425,383
Labor Force
Employed
406,256
Unemployment Rate BLS LAUS 2024 annual
2.4%
Mean Commute 8 min below national avg
17.9 min
Work From Home vs 15.1% national
8.1%
North Dakota's median household income sits 5% below the national median. At 10.8%, its poverty rate runs 1.7 pts below the ~12.5% national level, relevant for federal funding eligibility narratives. Bachelor's-or-higher attainment of 32.7% trails the national average of 35.7%.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey 2024 5-Year Estimates (released December 2025). Figures reflect the most recent Census release, older news reports may cite prior vintages.
Key Takeaways
- Broadly in line with U.S. norms across income, poverty, education, and age.
Economy & Industry
Bureau of Labor Statistics QCEW · Bureau of Economic Analysis
Key Takeaways
- Largest sector: Health Care and Social Assistance employs 65,808 workers (25.1% of the tracked sectors), at an average wage of $68,318.
- Economic scale: State GDP of $80.1B (2024).
Source: BLS QCEW + BEA Regional GDP.
Industry Concentration
Location Quotient measures regional specialization vs. national average. LQ > 1.0 = concentrated.
Attraction Opportunities - Below-Average Industries
LQ < 0.5, below-average employment, potential attraction targets. Source: BLS QCEW · 3-digit NAICS sub-sector
0.09x
Electrical Equipment, Appliance Manufacturing
102 employed
0.11x
Apparel Manufacturing
25 employed
0.11x
Air Transportation
167 employed
0.17x
Lessors of Nonfinancial Intangible Assets
10 employed
0.27x
Warehousing and Storage
1,438 employed
0.29x
Miscellaneous Manufacturing
484 employed
0.38x
Securities, Commodity Contracts, Investments
1,166 employed
0.40x
Educational Services
3,574 employed
Key Takeaways
- Top specialization: Support Activities for Mining concentrates at 17.00x the national norm, top-decile concentration, the kind of signature sector that defines a region's economic identity.
- Cluster depth: 10 sub-sectors register LQ ≥ 1.5, suggesting an interconnected industrial base across the state.
- Attraction whitespace: 8 sub-sectors register LQ < 0.5, candidates for diversification or recruitment.
Source: BLS QCEW sub-sector Location Quotients.
Housing & Affordability
Census ACS · HUD Fair Market Rents FY2026
Housing Overview
Source: Census Bureau ACS 2024 5-Year Estimates · Tables B25001, B25077, B25064
$249,900 ▲
Median Home Value vs 2019
$954 ▲
Rent/Mo
62.9% ▲
Owner-Occ
12.3% ▼
Vacancy
3.3x
Home Value to Income Ratio
vs. ~4.1x national average
HUD Fair Market Rents (Statewide)
Renter-household-weighted average across 53 Fair Market Rent areas · Source: HUD · Fair Market Rents FY2026
Studio
$823/mo$602 to $1,225
1 Bedroom
$903/mo$665 to $1,233
2 Bedroom
$1,088/mo$873 to $1,534
3 Bedroom
$1,494/mo$1,047 to $1,839
4 Bedroom
$1,792/mo$1,385 to $2,573
30% of monthly median household income (~$1,916/mo) · rents above this line are typically considered cost-burdened.
Key Takeaways
- In line with national: Home value to income ratio of 3.3x sits near the ~4.1x national average; affordability is neither a clear advantage nor a recruitment friction.
- Elevated vacancy: 12.3% vacancy rate; potential redevelopment opportunity.
Source: Census ACS housing tables.
Workforce Pipeline
Labor force readiness, commuting, and workforce composition
Labor Market Overview
Source: Census ACS 2024 · Tables B01001, B23025, B08303, B08301
470,526 ▲
Working Age (18-64) vs 2019
▼ vs 2019
Mean Commute
17.9 min
Work From Home
8.1%
Education & Talent Pipeline
Source: Census ACS 2024 · Table B15003 · College Scorecard
Bachelor's+
32.7%
HS Diploma+
94%
Top Institutions
Degrees, certificates, and other credentials awarded last academic year (College Scorecard).
3,449/yr
3,143/yr
1,150/yr
1,078/yr
649/yr
569/yr
Aging Workforce
Source: Census Bureau ACS · Derived from age & employment tables
19.1%
55-64 of working-age population (18-64)
Workforce by Occupation
Source: Census ACS 2024 · Table C24010 · Civilian employed population 16+
Management / Professional
40.7%
Service
16.4%
Sales & Office
19.1%
Construction / Maint.
11%
Production / Transport
12.8%
Bars scaled 2× for visual differentiation; percentage labels show actual share of 406,256 employed workers.
Key Takeaways
- Short commutes: 17.9-minute mean commute is a quality-of-life and labor-access advantage for site selectors.
Source: ACS workforce data.
County Profiles
53 counties in North Dakota
Adams County
FIPS 38001
Barnes County
FIPS 38003
Benson County
FIPS 38005
Billings County
FIPS 38007
Bottineau County
FIPS 38009
Bowman County
FIPS 38011
Burke County
FIPS 38013
Burleigh County
FIPS 38015
Cass County
FIPS 38017
Cavalier County
FIPS 38019
Dickey County
FIPS 38021
Divide County
FIPS 38023
Dunn County
FIPS 38025
Eddy County
FIPS 38027
Emmons County
FIPS 38029
Foster County
FIPS 38031
Golden Valley County
FIPS 38033
Grand Forks County
FIPS 38035
Grant County
FIPS 38037
Griggs County
FIPS 38039
Hettinger County
FIPS 38041
Kidder County
FIPS 38043
LaMoure County
FIPS 38045
Logan County
FIPS 38047
McHenry County
FIPS 38049
McIntosh County
FIPS 38051
McKenzie County
FIPS 38053
McLean County
FIPS 38055
Mercer County
FIPS 38057
Morton County
FIPS 38059
Mountrail County
FIPS 38061
Nelson County
FIPS 38063
Oliver County
FIPS 38065
Pembina County
FIPS 38067
Pierce County
FIPS 38069
Ramsey County
FIPS 38071
Ransom County
FIPS 38073
Renville County
FIPS 38075
Richland County
FIPS 38077
Rolette County
FIPS 38079
Sargent County
FIPS 38081
Sheridan County
FIPS 38083
Sioux County
FIPS 38085
Slope County
FIPS 38087
Stark County
FIPS 38089
Steele County
FIPS 38091
Stutsman County
FIPS 38093
Towner County
FIPS 38095
Traill County
FIPS 38097
Walsh County
FIPS 38099
Ward County
FIPS 38101
Wells County
FIPS 38103
Williams County
FIPS 38105
AI Insights
AI-assisted analysis, drawn from 6 federal data sources
Sample AI Insight
North Dakota shows strong potential for support activities for mining attraction, with a 17.00x concentration and 12,483 jobs in this sub-sector.
Cluster depth across support activities for mining, pipeline transportation, and oil and gas extraction creates supply-chain attraction leverage, a structural advantage for industrial recruitment.
Industry Shift Analysis
Manufacturing Automation Risk
High
Healthcare Growth Forecast
+4.2% CAGR
Remote Work Migration
67/100
Prospect Match Scores
Advanced Manufacturing
92/100
Life Sciences
84/100
Data Centers
71/100
Illustrative example
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Data Sources
Updated from official federal government data.
Census ACS 5-Year2024
BLS QCEW2025
BEA Regional GDP2024
Census CBP2024
HUD Fair Market RentsFY2026
USAspending.govFY2026
Frequently Asked Questions
Key economic and demographic figures for North Dakota, from federal data sources.
What is the population of North Dakota?
784,841 (U.S. Census Bureau, ACS 5-Year Estimates).
What is the median household income in North Dakota?
$76,657 (U.S. Census Bureau, ACS 5-Year Estimates).
What is the unemployment rate in North Dakota?
2.4% (2024 annual average, U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, LAUS).
What is the GDP of North Dakota?
$80.1B (BEA SAGDP (state GDP)).
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