Official Federal Data
Cumberland County, Pennsylvania
FIPS 42041 · Harrisburg-Carlisle, PA · Population 268,323
9 Sources
Updated June 22, 2026
$87,494 ▲
Median Income
$80,734 national
3.5% ▲
Unemployment
4% national
$23.1B ▲
GDP
40% ▲
Bachelor's+
35.7% national
Demographics & Population
Census Bureau American Community Survey 2020-2024 · 5-Year Estimates
Household Income
Source: U.S. Census Bureau · American Community Survey 2020-2024 5-Year Estimates
Median Household
$87,494 ▲
Per Capita
$46,149 ▲
Mean Household
$112,868 ▲
Poverty Rate
7.5% ▲
Median Income Comparison
Cumberland County$87,494
Pennsylvania$77,971
National$80,734
Population Profile
Source: Census Bureau ACS 2020-2024 · Tables B01001, B02001, B03003
Cohorts
Under 18 · 20.5%
18-34 · 22.6%
35-54 · 25.3%
55-64 · 12.6%
65+ · 19%
Race & Ethnicity
Hispanic or Latino is an ethnic category and overlaps with the race categories above.
Educational Attainment
Source: Census Bureau ACS 2020-2024 · Table B15003 · Population 25+
93.7%
High School+
National: 89.6%
▲ +4.1 pts
40%
Bachelor's+
National: 35.7%
▲ +4.3 pts
16.2%
Graduate+
National: 14.1%
▲ +2.1 pts
Employment Overview
Source: U.S. Census Bureau · American Community Survey 2020-2024 5-Year Estimates
268,323
Population
140,098
Labor Force
Employed
134,225
Unemployment Rate BLS LAUS 2025 annual
3.5% ▲ +0.4 pts YoY
Mean Commute 5 min below national avg
21.8 min
Work From Home vs 15.1% national
17.7%
Key Takeaways
- Broadly in line with U.S. norms across income, poverty, and education.
Economy & Industry
Bureau of Labor Statistics QCEW · Bureau of Economic Analysis
Key Takeaways
- Largest sector: Health Care and Social Assistance employs 21,600 workers (20.1% of tracked sectors), at an average wage of $67,241.
- Economic scale: Regional GDP of $23.1B (2024).
- Wage stratification: Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services averages $109,611 while Accommodation and Food Services averages $24,311, a 4.5x spread in the same local economy, with implications for workforce development and talent strategy.
Source: BLS QCEW + BEA Regional GDP.
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Industry Concentration
Location Quotient measures regional specialization vs. national average. LQ > 1.0 = concentrated.
Cluster Depth
Source: BLS QCEW · Sub-sectors with LQ ≥ 1.5 indicate genuine cluster concentration
Dominant Cluster
Transportation & Warehousing Cluster
Coherent grouping of concentrated sub-sectors, signals supply-chain fit for site selectors
18,567
Cluster Employment
7.43x
Peak LQ
Concentrated Sub-Sectors
Warehousing and Storage
7.43x 12,505
Truck Transportation
3.49x 4,564
Printing and Related Support Activities
2.91x 886
Plastics and Rubber Products Manufacturing
2.16x 1,336
Management of Companies and Enterprises
2.01x 4,625
Paper Manufacturing
2.00x 622
Food Manufacturing
1.64x 2,577
Insurance Carriers and Related Activities
1.61x 3,704
Lessors of Nonfinancial Intangible Assets
1.60x 31
Couriers and Messengers
1.51x 1,498
Attraction Opportunities
LQ < 0.5 with ≥ 50 employed, realistic diversification targets. Source: BLS QCEW
0.10x
Chemical Manufacturing
78 employed
0.11x
Transportation Equipment Manufacturing
171 employed
0.21x
Miscellaneous Manufacturing
111 employed
0.28x
Support Activities for Transportation
201 employed
0.30x
Utilities
160 employed
Key Takeaways
- Top specialization: Warehousing and Storage concentrates at 7.43x the national norm, top-decile concentration, the kind of signature sector that defines a region's economic identity to site selectors.
- Cluster depth: 10 sub-sectors register LQ ≥ 1.5, suggesting an interconnected industrial base rather than reliance on a single employer or sector.
- Attraction whitespace: 7 sub-sectors register LQ < 0.5, candidates for diversification or recruitment depending on labor-market fit.
Source: BLS QCEW sub-sector Location Quotients.
Housing & Affordability
Census ACS · HUD Fair Market Rents FY2026
Housing Overview
Source: Census Bureau ACS 2020-2024 5-Year Estimates · Tables B25001, B25077, B25064
$277,600 ▲
Median Home Value vs 2019
$1,249 ▲
Rent/Mo
71.3% ▲
Owner-Occ
4.4% ▼
Vacancy
3.2x
Home Value to Income Ratio
vs. ~4.1x national average
HUD Fair Market Rents
Source: HUD · Fair Market Rents FY2026
Studio
$1,058/mo
1 Bedroom
$1,212/mo
2 Bedroom
$1,493/mo
3 Bedroom
$1,920/mo
4 Bedroom
$1,977/mo
30% of monthly median household income (~$2,187/mo) · rents above this line are typically considered cost-burdened.
Key Takeaways
- In line with national: Home value to income ratio of 3.2x sits near the ~4.1x national average; affordability is neither a clear advantage nor a recruitment friction.
- High home ownership: 71.3% owner-occupied; rental supply may be tight for incoming workers.
- Broadly affordable rents: All 5 HUD Fair Market Rent bedroom tiers sit below the 30%-of-median-income affordability threshold (~$2,187/mo), a clear cost-of-living advantage for workforce attraction.
Source: Census ACS housing tables + HUD Fair Market Rents.
Workforce Pipeline
Labor force readiness, commuting, and workforce composition
Labor Market Overview
Source: Census ACS 2020-2024 · Tables B01001, B23025, B08303, B08301
162,411 ▲
Working Age (18-64) vs 2019
Mean Commute 5 min below national avg
21.8 min
Work From Home vs 15.1% national
17.7%
Prime-Age Employed (25-54)
83%
of prime-age population
▼ vs 2019
Education & Talent Pipeline
Source: Census ACS 2020-2024 · Table B15003 · College Scorecard
Bachelor's+
40% ▲
HS Diploma+
93.7% ▲
Local & Area Institutions (within ~40 mi)
Total credentials awarded
7,671/yr ▼
2,107/yr
1,517/yr
1,109/yr
1,051/yr
964/yr
923/yr
Aging Workforce
Source: Census Bureau ACS · Derived from age & employment tables
20.9%
55-64 of working-age population (18-64)
Elevated retirement risk, above the 20% threshold. Succession planning recommended.
Workforce by Occupation
Source: Census ACS 2020-2024 · Table C24010 · Civilian employed population 16+
Management / Professional
46%
Service
14.3%
Sales & Office
19.5%
Construction / Maint.
6.5%
Production / Transport
13.7%
Bars scaled 2× for visual differentiation; percentage labels show actual share of 134,225 employed workers.
Key Takeaways
- Short commutes: 21.8-minute mean commute is a quality-of-life and labor-access advantage worth surfacing for site selectors.
- Talent pipeline: 6 local institutions feed the workforce; the top three combined produce 4,733 annual credentials.
Source: ACS workforce data and College Scorecard.
AI Insights
AI-assisted analysis, drawn from 9 federal data sources
Sample AI Insight
Cumberland County shows strong potential for warehousing and storage attraction, with a 7.43x concentration and 12,505 jobs in this sub-sector. It ranks in the top decile nationally.
The interconnected base across warehousing and storage, truck transportation, and printing and related support activities creates supply-chain attraction leverage rather than single-employer risk, a structural advantage for industrial recruitment.
Industry Shift Analysis
Manufacturing Automation Risk
High
Healthcare Growth Forecast
+4.2% CAGR
Remote Work Migration
67/100
Prospect Match Scores
Advanced Manufacturing
92/100
Life Sciences
84/100
Data Centers
71/100
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Data Sources
Updated from official federal government data.
Census ACS 5-Year2024
BLS QCEW2025 annual
BLS LAUS (via FRED)2025 annual
BEA Regional GDP2024
Census CBP2023
HUD Fair Market RentsFY2026
FCC Broadband Map2024
USAspending.govFY2026
College ScorecardAY 2022-23
Frequently Asked Questions
Key economic and demographic figures for Cumberland County, Pennsylvania, from federal data sources.
What is the population of Cumberland County, Pennsylvania?
268,323 (U.S. Census Bureau, ACS 5-Year Estimates).
What is the median household income in Cumberland County, Pennsylvania?
$87,494 (U.S. Census Bureau, ACS 5-Year Estimates).
What is the unemployment rate in Cumberland County, Pennsylvania?
3.5% (2025 annual average, U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, LAUS).
What is the GDP of Cumberland County, Pennsylvania?
$23.1B (U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis, CAGDP1).
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