Madison County, Montana

• Aging population: Median age of 52 is materially above the U.S. norm; succession planning and senior-services demand are real factors.

• Largest sector: Accommodation and Food Services employs 501 workers (26% of tracked sectors), at an average wage of $43,330.
• Economic scale: Regional GDP of $651M (2024).
• Wage stratification: Finance and Insurance averages $116,733 while Retail Trade averages $29,802, a 3.9x spread in the same local economy, with implications for workforce development and talent strategy.

• Top specialization: Animal Production and Aquaculture concentrates at 27.67x the national norm, top-decile concentration, the kind of signature sector that defines a region's economic identity to site selectors.
• Cluster depth: 10 sub-sectors register LQ ≥ 1.5, suggesting an interconnected industrial base rather than reliance on a single employer or sector.
• Attraction whitespace: 5 sub-sectors register LQ < 0.5, candidates for diversification or recruitment depending on labor-market fit.

• Stretched market: Home value to income ratio of 6.2x is well above the ~4.1x national average; attainable workforce housing may be a recruitment friction.
• High home ownership: 81% owner-occupied; rental supply may be tight for incoming workers.
• Elevated vacancy: 41.5% vacancy rate. In resort, rural, and seasonal markets much of this is recreational/seasonal (second homes), not available supply; confirm the vacancy-by-reason split before treating it as a redevelopment opportunity.
• Affordable rent tiers: 3 of 5 HUD Fair Market Rent bedroom tiers sit below the 30%-of-median-income affordability threshold (~$1,881/mo).

• Succession risk is real: 30% of working-age residents are 55-64. Plan for retirements over the next decade and pair attraction strategy with talent retention.
• Low participation: 56.3% labor force participation suggests untapped capacity; workforce development programs may unlock supply.
• Talent pipeline: 6 regional institutions feed the workforce; the top three combined produce 7,525 annual credentials.

Madison County shows strong potential for animal production and aquaculture attraction, with a 27.67x concentration and 143 jobs in this sub-sector. It ranks in the top decile nationally. Near-term succession risk is elevated, with 30% of the working-age population within 10 years of retirement age.

The interconnected base across animal production and aquaculture, beverage and tobacco product manufacturing, and accommodation creates supply-chain attraction leverage rather than single-employer risk, a structural advantage for industrial recruitment.