ExecutivePulse
Official Federal Data

Polk County, Minnesota

FIPS 27119 · Grand Forks, ND-MN · Population 30,705
9 Sources Updated June 22, 2026
$73,107
Median Income
$80,734 national
4.2%
Unemployment
4% national
$1.7B
GDP
28%
Bachelor's+
35.7% national

Demographics & Population

Census Bureau American Community Survey 2020-2024 · 5-Year Estimates

Household Income

Source: U.S. Census Bureau · American Community Survey 2020-2024 5-Year Estimates
Median Household
$73,107
Per Capita
$37,371
Mean Household
$90,262
Poverty Rate
11.9%
Median Income Comparison
Polk County$73,107
Minnesota$89,062
National$80,734

Population Profile

Source: Census Bureau ACS 2020-2024 · Tables B01001, B02001, B03003
65+: 19.1% (5,862 residents) 55-64: 13.4% (4,120 residents) 35-54: 23.7% (7,286 residents) 18-34: 19.3% (5,917 residents) Under 18: 24.5% (7,520 residents) 40 Median Age
Cohorts
Under 18 · 24.5%
18-34 · 19.3%
35-54 · 23.7%
55-64 · 13.4%
65+ · 19.1%
Race & Ethnicity
White85.8%
Black or African American2%
Asian0.8%
Hispanic or Latino(any race)6.9%
Hispanic or Latino is an ethnic category and overlaps with the race categories above.

Educational Attainment

Source: Census Bureau ACS 2020-2024 · Table B15003 · Population 25+
93.8%
High School+
National: 89.6%
▲ +4.2 pts
28%
Bachelor's+
National: 35.7%
▼ 7.7 pts
9%
Graduate+
National: 14.1%
▼ 5.1 pts

Employment Overview

Source: U.S. Census Bureau · American Community Survey 2020-2024 5-Year Estimates
30,705
Population
16,040
Labor Force
Employed
15,401
Unemployment Rate BLS LAUS 2025 annual
4.2% ▲ +0.9 pts YoY
Mean Commute 8 min below national avg
18.6 min
Work From Home vs 15.1% national
5.8%
Key Takeaways
  • Talent gap: Bachelor's-or-higher attainment trails the national average by 7.7 pts, relevant for advanced-services attraction strategy.

Economy & Industry

Bureau of Labor Statistics QCEW · Bureau of Economic Analysis

$1.7B
Gross Domestic Product · 2024
Source: Bureau of Economic Analysis · CAGDP1 Regional GDP

Top Industries by Employment

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics · Quarterly Census of Employment & Wages 2025 Annual
Top industries by employment in Polk County, Minnesota, with employment, share of top sectors, and average wage
IndustryEmploymentShare of Top 10Avg Wage
1Health Care and Social Assistance
2,036 25.6%
$58,896
2Manufacturing
1,879 23.6%
$74,158
3Retail Trade
1,226 15.4%
$31,927
4Accommodation and Food Services
876 11.0%
$20,218
5Construction
523 6.6%
$88,625
6Wholesale Trade
467 5.9%
$73,245
7Other Services (except Public Administration)
331 4.2%
$23,489
8Finance and Insurance
244 3.1%
$84,943
9Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services
200 2.5%
$73,133
10Educational Services
176 2.2%
$36,925
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Key Takeaways
  • Largest sector: Health Care and Social Assistance employs 2,036 workers (25.6% of tracked sectors), at an average wage of $58,896.
  • Economic scale: Regional GDP of $1.7B (2024).
  • Wage stratification: Construction averages $88,625 while Accommodation and Food Services averages $20,218, a 4.4x spread in the same local economy, with implications for workforce development and talent strategy.
Source: BLS QCEW + BEA Regional GDP.
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Industry Concentration

Location Quotient measures regional specialization vs. national average. LQ > 1.0 = concentrated.

Location Quotient Analysis

Concentrated Industries
Source: BLS QCEW · 3-digit NAICS sub-sector · Location Quotient vs. national employment share
Same source as the Top Industries table above, sub-sector view surfaces the specialization the supersector view masks (e.g., Plastics & Rubber Manufacturing inside the Manufacturing supersector).
Crop Production
12.67x
516
Food Manufacturing
6.57x
898
Gasoline Stations and Fuel Dealers
3.63x
293
Nursing and Residential Care Facilities
2.90x
766
Machinery Manufacturing
2.57x
215
Truck Transportation
2.07x
236
Religious, Grantmaking, Civic, Professional Orgs
2.06x
227
Support Activities for Agriculture and Forestry
1.81x
53
1.74x
3,025
Private Households
1.65x
26

Cluster Depth

Source: BLS QCEW · Sub-sectors with LQ ≥ 1.5 indicate genuine cluster concentration
Dominant Cluster
Goods-Producing Cluster
Coherent grouping of concentrated sub-sectors, signals supply-chain fit for site selectors
3,025
Cluster Employment
1.74x
Peak LQ
Concentrated Sub-Sectors
Crop Production
12.67x 516
Food Manufacturing
6.57x 898
Gasoline Stations and Fuel Dealers
3.63x 293
Nursing and Residential Care Facilities
2.90x 766
Machinery Manufacturing
2.57x 215
Truck Transportation
2.07x 236
Religious, Grantmaking, Civic, Professional Orgs
2.06x 227
Support Activities for Agriculture and Forestry
1.81x 53
1.74x 3,025
Private Households
1.65x 26

Attraction Opportunities

LQ < 0.5 with ≥ 50 employed, realistic diversification targets. Source: BLS QCEW
0.24x
Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services
200 employed
0.31x
Insurance Carriers and Related Activities
61 employed
0.48x
Specialty Trade Contractors
194 employed
0.49x
Repair and Maintenance
55 employed
Key Takeaways
  • Top specialization: Crop Production concentrates at 12.67x the national norm, top-decile concentration, the kind of signature sector that defines a region's economic identity to site selectors.
  • Cluster depth: 10 sub-sectors register LQ ≥ 1.5, suggesting an interconnected industrial base rather than reliance on a single employer or sector.
  • Attraction whitespace: 7 sub-sectors register LQ < 0.5, candidates for diversification or recruitment depending on labor-market fit.
Source: BLS QCEW sub-sector Location Quotients.
Polk County's Top Sectors by Workforce Share
Each rectangle's area is proportional to that sector's share of total private-sector employment across all NAICS supersectors. Hover for exact employment.
Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics QCEW 2025 Annual · Private sector, NAICS supersectors

Housing & Affordability

Census ACS · HUD Fair Market Rents FY2026

Housing Overview

Source: Census Bureau ACS 2020-2024 5-Year Estimates · Tables B25001, B25077, B25064
$222,800
Median Home Value vs 2019
$855
Rent/Mo
71.3%
Owner-Occ
15.9%
Vacancy
3.0x
Home Value to Income Ratio
vs. ~4.1x national average

HUD Fair Market Rents

Source: HUD · Fair Market Rents FY2026
Studio
$863/mo
1 Bedroom
$868/mo
2 Bedroom
$1,089/mo
3 Bedroom
$1,515/mo
4 Bedroom
$1,827/mo
30% of monthly median household income (~$1,828/mo) · rents above this line are typically considered cost-burdened.
Key Takeaways
  • In line with national: Home value to income ratio of 3.0x sits near the ~4.1x national average; affordability is neither a clear advantage nor a recruitment friction.
  • High home ownership: 71.3% owner-occupied; rental supply may be tight for incoming workers.
  • Elevated vacancy: 15.9% vacancy rate. In resort, rural, and seasonal markets much of this is recreational/seasonal (second homes), not available supply; confirm the vacancy-by-reason split before treating it as a redevelopment opportunity.
  • Broadly affordable rents: All 5 HUD Fair Market Rent bedroom tiers sit below the 30%-of-median-income affordability threshold (~$1,828/mo), a clear cost-of-living advantage for workforce attraction.
Source: Census ACS housing tables + HUD Fair Market Rents.

Workforce Pipeline

Labor force readiness, commuting, and workforce composition

Labor Market Overview

Source: Census ACS 2020-2024 · Tables B01001, B23025, B08303, B08301
17,323
Working Age (18-64) vs 2019
Mean Commute 8 min below national avg
18.6 min
Work From Home vs 15.1% national
5.8%
Prime-Age Employed (25-54)
85.6%
of prime-age population
Labor force participation rate: 69.2% of working-age population (18-64) 69% Participation
▲ vs 2019

Education & Talent Pipeline

Source: Census ACS 2020-2024 · Table B15003 · College Scorecard
Bachelor's+
28%
HS Diploma+
93.8%
Regional / Statewide Institutions
Total credentials awarded
49,702/yr
Capella University 14,847/yr
University of Minnesota-Twin Cities 13,676/yr
Walden University 12,870/yr
Minnesota State University-Mankato 3,728/yr
University of Minnesota-Duluth 2,468/yr
Century College 2,113/yr

Aging Workforce

Source: Census Bureau ACS · Derived from age & employment tables
23.8%
55-64 of working-age population (18-64)
Elevated retirement risk, above the 20% threshold. Succession planning recommended.

Workforce by Occupation

Source: Census ACS 2020-2024 · Table C24010 · Civilian employed population 16+
Management / Professional
37.3%
Service
16.8%
Sales & Office
19.8%
Construction / Maint.
12.6%
Production / Transport
13.5%
Bars scaled 2× for visual differentiation; percentage labels show actual share of 15,401 employed workers.
Key Takeaways
  • Succession risk is real: 23.8% of working-age residents are 55-64. Plan for retirements over the next decade and pair attraction strategy with talent retention.
  • Short commutes: 18.6-minute mean commute is a quality-of-life and labor-access advantage worth surfacing for site selectors.
  • Talent pipeline: 6 regional institutions feed the workforce; the top three combined produce 41,393 annual credentials.
Source: ACS workforce data and College Scorecard.

AI Insights

AI-assisted analysis, drawn from 9 federal data sources

Sample AI Insight

Polk County shows strong potential for crop production attraction, with a 12.67x concentration and 516 jobs in this sub-sector. It ranks in the top decile nationally. Near-term succession risk is elevated, with 23.8% of the working-age population within 10 years of retirement age.

The interconnected base across crop production, food manufacturing, and gasoline stations and fuel dealers creates supply-chain attraction leverage rather than single-employer risk, a structural advantage for industrial recruitment.

Industry Shift Analysis

Manufacturing Automation Risk
High
Healthcare Growth Forecast
+4.2% CAGR
Remote Work Migration
67/100

Prospect Match Scores

Advanced Manufacturing
92/100
Life Sciences
84/100
Data Centers
71/100
Illustrative example

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Data Sources

Updated from official federal government data.

Census ACS 5-Year2024
BLS QCEW2025 annual
BLS LAUS (via FRED)2025 annual
BEA Regional GDP2024
Census CBP2023
HUD Fair Market RentsFY2026
FCC Broadband Map2024
USAspending.govFY2026
College ScorecardAY 2022-23

Frequently Asked Questions

Key economic and demographic figures for Polk County, Minnesota, from federal data sources.

What is the population of Polk County, Minnesota?

30,705 (U.S. Census Bureau, ACS 5-Year Estimates).

What is the median household income in Polk County, Minnesota?

$73,107 (U.S. Census Bureau, ACS 5-Year Estimates).

What is the unemployment rate in Polk County, Minnesota?

4.2% (2025 annual average, U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, LAUS).

What is the GDP of Polk County, Minnesota?

$1.7B (U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis, CAGDP1).